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Human Anatomy and Physiology

Human Anatomy and Physiology is an advanced course that is an elective designed for those students wanting a deeper understanding of the structure and function of the human body. The body will be viewed as a whole using anatomical terminology necessary to describe location. Focus will be at both micro and macro levels reviewing cellular functions, biochemical processes, tissue interactions, organ systems and the interaction of those systems as it relates to the human organism. Systems covered include integumentary, skeletal, muscular, respiratory, circulatory, digestive, excretory, reproductive immunological, nervous and endocrine. This course will develop 21st century skills and be appropriate for college bound students as well as those choosing a health services career cluster. Students will engage in active inquiries, investigation, and hands-on activities for a minimum of 50% of the instructional time to develop conceptual understanding and research/laboratory skills as they evaluate the academic requirements and prepare for occupational opportunities in health and medical fields. Safety instruction is integrated into all activities. The West Virginia Standards for 21st Century Learning include the following components: 21st Century Content Standards and Objectives and 21st Century Learning Skills and Technology Tools. All West Virginia teachers are responsible for classroom instruction that integrates learning skills, technology tools and content standards and objectives.
SC.S.HAP.1
Nature and Application of Science

Students will

  • demonstrate an understanding of history and nature of science as a human endeavor encompassing the contributions of diverse cultures and scientists.
  • demonstrate the ability to use the inquiry process to solve problems.
  • relate science-technology-societal issues while using a variety of sources to construct and defend their solutions
SC.PD.HAP.1
Distinguished Above Mastery Mastery Partial Mastery Novice
Human Anatomy and Physiology students at the distinguished level in the nature and applications of science:

implement safe practices as they design, conduct, and revise experiments to solve real world problems, analyze data for errors, and base conclusions on observations and experimental evidence, and

relate science-technology-societal issues while using a variety of sources to construct solutions and defend their ideas to an authentic audience.

 Human Anatomy and Physiology students at the above mastery level in the nature and applications of science:

implement safe practices as they design, conduct, and revise experiments, analyze data for errors, and base conclusions on observations and experimental evidence, and


relate science-technology-societal issues while using a variety of sources to construct and defend their solutions.

 Human Anatomy and Physiology students at the mastery level in the nature and applications of science:


implement safe practices as they design, conduct, and revise experiments and base conclusions on observations and experimental evidence, and



relate science-technology-societal issues while using a variety of sources to construct and defend their solutions.

 Human Anatomy and Physiology students at the partial mastery level in the nature and applications of science:

implement safe practices as they conduct and revise experiments, then base conclusions on observations and experimental evidence, and



relate science-technology-societal issues while using a variety of sources to construct their solutions.

 Human Anatomy and Physiology students at the novice level in the nature and applications of science:


implement safe practices as they conduct experiments and base conclusions on observations and experimental evidence, and




relate science-technology-societal issues while using a variety of sources to construct their solutions.
Number Objective
SC.O.HAP.1.1
implement safe procedures and practices when manipulating equipment, materials, organisms, and models.
SC.O.HAP.1.2
formulate scientific explanations based on historical observations and experimental evidence, accounting for variability in experimental results.
SC.O.HAP.1.3
conduct and/or design investigations that incorporate the skills and attitudes and/or values of scientific inquiry (e.g., established research protocol, accurate record keeping, replication of results and peer review, objectivity, openness, skepticism, fairness, or creativity and logic).
SC.O.HAP.1.4
design, conduct, evaluate and revise experiments (e.g., compose a question to be investigated, design a controlled investigation that produces numeric data, evaluate the data in the context of scientific laws and principles, construct a conclusion based on findings, propose revisions to investigations based on manipulation of variables and/or analysis of error, or communicate and defend the results and conclusions).
SC.O.HAP.1.5
draw conclusions from a variety of data sources to analyze and interpret systems and models (e.g., use graphs and equations to measure and apply variables such as rate and scale, evaluate changes in trends and cycles, or predict the influence of external variances such as potential sources of error, or interpret maps).
SC.O.HAP.1.6
investigate, compare and design scientific and technological solutions to address personal and societal problems.
SC.O.HAP.1.7
given current science-technology-societal issues, construct and defend potential solutions.
SC.O.HAP.1.8
relate societal, cultural and economic issues to key scientific innovations.
SC.O.HAP.1.9
synthesize concepts across various science disciplines to better understand the natural world (e.g., form and function, systems, or change over time).
SC.S.HAP.2
Content of Science

Students will

  • demonstrate knowledge, understanding and applications of scientific facts, concepts, principles, theories and models as delineated in the objectives.
  • demonstrate an understanding of the interrelationships among physics, chemistry, biology, earth/environmental science and astronomy.
  • apply knowledge, understanding and skills of science subject matter/concepts to daily life experiences.
SC.PD.HAP.2
Distinguished Above Mastery Mastery Partial Mastery Novice
Human Anatomy and Physiology students at the distinguished level will:

integrate anatomical terms;

sequence hierarchal organizational levels;

assess interdependency interaction;

investigate and explain tissues;

integrate form and function within systems and effects of aging and disease;

compare/contrast system structure and function and system integration;


analyze systems in maintaining homeostasis; evaluate models replicating muscular contraction;

analyze neural control;



evaluate models demonstrating nerve impulses;


apply physics concepts to ear and eye structure and function;

compare enzyme action;


describe feedback loops in endocrine functioning;

research effects of synthetic hormones, and

research use of stem cells and predict how this may affect disease treatment.

 Human Anatomy and Physiology students at the above mastery level will:

utilize anatomical terms;

compare hierarchal organizational levels;

distinguish interdependency and interaction;

examine tissues;

determine form and function relationship within systems and effects of aging and disease;

compare system structure and function and investigate system integration;

examine systems in maintaining homeostasis;


design and build a model of muscle cell contraction;


illustrate neural control; design a model demonstrating nerve impulses;

critique effectiveness of ear and eye structures;

examine enzyme action;


research endocrine functions and dysfunctions;

explain hormones in reproductive control, and

examine stress effects on immunity and research history of disease treatment.

 Human Anatomy and Physiology students at the mastery level:


apply anatomical terms;

describe hierarchal organizational levels;

examine interdependency and interaction;

compare/contrast tissues;

analyze form and function relationship within systems and effects of aging and disease;

describe system structure and function and summarize system integration;

explain systems in maintaining homeostasis;


model muscle contraction;



integrate neural control and model nerve impulses;


relate ear and eye structures to function/dysfunction;

apply enzyme action to function;


incorporate hormones to functions/dysfunctions;

outline gametogenesis, fertilization, and development, and

assess immune components and research disease progression.

 Human Anatomy and Physiology students at the partial mastery level:


recall anatomical terms;

summarize hierarchal organizational levels;

discuss interdependency and interaction;

classify tissues;

determine form and function relationship within systems and effects of aging and disease;

recall system structure and function and recognize system integration;


identify system functions in maintaining homeostasis;


illustrate muscle contractions;



summarize neural control and model nerve impulses;


relate ear and eye structures to function/dysfunction;

describe lock and key enzyme model to action;

match endocrine glands to hormones and functions;

describe oogenesis and spermatogenesis, and

diagram immune response and classify factors in disease progression.

 Human Anatomy and Physiology students at the novice level:


define anatomical terms;

identify hierarchal organizational levels;

define interdependency and interaction;

identify tissues;

identify form and function relationship within systems and effects of aging and disease;

describe system structure and function and identify system integration;

recognize systems in maintaining homeostasis;


describe muscle contractions;



list the neuron types;



describe nerve impulses, define ear and eye structures;

recite specific enzyme functions;


match endocrine glands to functions;

define mitosis/meiosis;


describe immune defenses and match specific disease factors to prevention and treatments.
Number Objective
SC.O.HAP.2.1
apply directional terminology to locate human body structures:
  • proximal
  • dorsal
  • medial
  • visceral
  • superficial
  • deep.
SC.O.HAP.2.2
describe the organizational levels, interdependency and the interaction of
  • cells
  • tissues
  • organs
  • organ systems.
SC.O.HAP.2.3
categorize, by structure and function, the various types of human tissue:
  • muscle
  • epithelial
  • connective
  • nervous.
SC.O.HAP.2.4
relate the structure of the integumentary system to its function as a/an:
  • sensory organ
  • environmental barrier
  • temperature regulator.
SC.O.HAP.2.5
relate how bone tissue is important to the development of the human skeleton.
SC.O.HAP.2.6
correlate the structure and function of the elements of the skeletal system:
  • bone
  • articulations
  • insertions.
SC.O.HAP.2.7
model the mechanisms of muscular contraction on the cellular and molecular levels.
SC.O.HAP.2.8
integrate the skeletal, muscular and nervous systems to the functioning of the organism.
SC.O.HAP.2.9
model the muscular system including:
  • locations
  • origins
  • insertions
  • muscle groups
  • types of muscles.
SC.O.HAP.2.10
classify the various types of neurons emphasizing the relationship of structure and function.
SC.O.HAP.2.11
model the mechanism of a nerve impulse at the cellular and molecular levels.
SC.O.HAP.2.12
compare and contrast the parts and functions of the central and peripheral nervous system including the autonomic portions.
SC.O.HAP.2.13
apply the structure of the ear and eye to their function/dysfunction in relation to environmental perception.
SC.O.HAP.2.14
apply the action of specific enzymes to their roles in bodily functions.
SC.O.HAP.2.15
incorporate the role of endocrine glands and their hormones into the overall functions and dysfunctions of the body.
SC.O.HAP.2.16
analyze the role of components and processes of the digestive system in supplying essential nutrients.
SC.O.HAP.2.17
explain how structures of the respiratory system are essential to cellular respiration, gas exchange and communication.
SC.O.HAP.2.18
illustrate the structures of the circulatory and lymphatic systems and the function of blood to the role of:
  • transportation
  • cellular support
  • defense.
SC.O.HAP.2.19
compare the compatibility of blood types and assess the molecular basis for blood functions.
SC.O.HAP.2.20
integrate the functions of the excretory system to the maintenance of the other body systems.
SC.O.HAP.2.21
compare and contrast the structure and function of male and female reproductive systems.
SC.O.HAP.2.22
outline the events of reproduction for the formation of gametes through fertilizations and embryological development.
SC.O.HAP.2.23
assess the role of components of the immune system in defending the body.
SC.O.HAP.2.24
research disease causative factors, symptoms, prevention and treatment.

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